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Algorithms (4th Edition), by Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne
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This fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms is the leading textbook on algorithms today and is widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. This book surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing--including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use.
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The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts.
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The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu, contains
- An online synopsis
- Full Java implementations
- Test data
- Exercises and answers
- Dynamic visualizations
- Lecture slides
- Programming assignments with checklists
- Links to related material
The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the "Online Course" link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants.
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Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience.
- Sales Rank: #10374 in Books
- Brand: Sedgewick, Robert/ Wayne, Kevin
- Published on: 2011-03-19
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.40" w x 7.80" l, 3.20 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 992 pages
About the Author
Robert Sedgewick has been a Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University since 1985, where he was the founding Chairman of the Department of Computer Science. He has held visiting research positions at Xerox PARC, Institute for Defense Analyses, and INRIA, and is member of the board of directors of Adobe Systems. Professor Sedgewick’s research interests include analytic combinatorics, design and analysis of data structures and algorithms, and program visualization. His landmark book, Algorithms, now in its fourth edition, has appeared in numerous versions and languages over the past thirty years. In addition, with Kevin Wayne, he is the coauthor of the highly acclaimed textbook, Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Addison-Wesley, 2008).
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Kevin Wayne is the Phillip Y. Goldman Senior Lecturer in Computer Science at Princeton University, where he has been teaching since 1998. He received a Ph.D. in operations research and industrial engineering from Cornell University. His research interests include the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms, especially for graphs and discrete optimization. With Robert Sedgewick, he is the coauthor of the highly acclaimed textbook, Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Addison-Wesley, 2008).
Most helpful customer reviews
359 of 374 people found the following review helpful.
Best algorithms textbook by far
By Kevin P. Murphy
"Algorithms" (4th edn) by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne (published
by Addison-Wesley in March 2011) is one of the best computer science
books I have ever read. It should be required reading for all CS
students and all programmers - it aims to cover the "50 algorithms
every programmer should know". Below I discuss some of the main
reasons why I think the book is so good.
Unlike its main rival, "An introduction to algorithms" by Cormen,
Leiserson, Rivest and Stein (CLRS), "Algorithms" contains actual
source code (written in a subset of Java). The importance of this
cannot be overstated: it means students can actually use the
algorithms to solve real problems. This enables a wealth of
interesting and motivating applications --- from web search to
genomics --- which are sprinkled throughout the book. (Source code and
data are available on the book's website.)
A natural worry with real code is that it will obscure the basic
ideas. However, by careful useful of abstract data types (classes
such as queues, bags, hash tables, trees, DAGs, etc), the authors have
done a masterful job at creating extremely concise and readable
implementations.
Using real code also forces one to address important implementation
details that are easy to overlook. For example, it is well known that
mergesort requires auxiliary memory. In the CLRS pseudocode, they
allocate temporary storage space inside their merge routine. In
practice it is much more efficient to allocate temporary storage space
once, and then pass this in as a pointer to the merge function (or let
it be a private member of the mergesort class). Where else can you
learn such important tricks?
In addition to presenting the code, there are of course accompanying
English explanations of the methods, which are very clear. One unique
thing about "Algorithms" is that there are also many detailed worked
examples, illustrating the behavior of the algorithms while running on
actual data (something that is hard to do unless you actually
implement all the algorithms!)
Another strength is that the book is that exemplifies good software
engineering practice: write the API first, devise unit tests and/or
implement applications ("clients") that use the data structure or
algorithm, and only then worry about how to implement the
API. Furthermore, multiple implementations of the API are usually
discussed, with different tradeoffs between simplicity, speed and
memory use.
For data structures, it is obviously natural to use classes, but they
also adopt this approach for many algorithms, esp. graph processing
ones. This allows the algo to do pre-processing and to store internal
state, and then to provide a service to the caller. This is more
general than the standard stateless functional view of algorithms.
Each section of the book has a large number of exercises, classified
into "simple", "creative" and "experimental". Solutions to some
exercises are available online.
An unusual feature of the book is that it contains a lot of empirical
algorithmics, in addition to theory. That is, it shows actual running
times of different implementations on problems of different sizes, and
uses this to supplement traditional theoretical analysis.
A small bonus relative to CLRS is that the book is slightly shorter
(~ 1000 pages instead of 1300). In addition it is available in Kindle
format, which means one just has to carry around an ipad instead of a
back-breaking tome. (The formatting of the Kindle edition is not
perfect, however.)
Not surprisingly, the content of "Algorithms" overlaps a lot with
CLRS. This is not obvious from the table of contents, which only
gives a high level view of the book. I have therefore created a more
detailed list of topics (see below).
The overall ordering and flow of the book is great: ideas (and code)
that are introduced early on get re-used in several places later in
the book (e.g., heaps -> priority queues -> Prim's algo for min
spanning trees). The topics also become more advanced. Consequently,
the book is best read sequentially. It is worth reading the whole thing.
Kevin Murphy
Prof. of Computer Science
University of British Columbia
Below I give a detailed summary of the topics in the book,
since this is not apparent from the table of contents.
1. Fundamentals
1.1 Basic programming model
- Intro to Java
- APIs and libraries
- Binary search (recursion)
1.2 Data abstraction
- Basics of OOP
- Avoiding 'wide' interfaces
1.3 Bags, queues and stacks
- Generics (known as templates in C++)
- Iterators
- Dijkstra's 2 stack algo for evaluating arithmetic expressions
- Resizing arrays
- Linked lists, pointers
1.4 Analysis of algorithms
- empirical algorithmics
- big O notation ("linearithmic" as a term for O(N log N))
- Randomized algorithms
- Memory usage
1.5 Case study: Union-find
- Application: Dynamic connectivity (are p,q in same set?)
- 3 implementations, culminating in the classic algorithm
2. Sorting
2.1 Elementary sorts
- Selection sort
- insertion sort
- shell sort
2.2 Mergesort
- Top-down (recursive)
- Proof that running time is N log N
- Bottom-up
- proof that lower bound for sorting requires N log N compares
2.3 Quicksort
- implementation
- analysis
- 3 way partitioning to speedup case of equal keys
- lower bound for sorting is N*entropy of key distrib.
2.4 Priority queues
- heaps
- priority queue,
- top N items from a list using PQ
- multiway merge of N sorted lists using indexed PQ
- heapsort
- comparison of sorting algos (speed, stability, in place, extra space)
- order statistics/ median finding in O(N) time
3. Searching
3.1 Symbol tables (aka associative arrays)
- ST vs ordered ST (where keys can be compared, so can get min and max)
- count word frequencies in a large document
- sequential search through unordered linked list
- binary search through ordered array
3.2 Binary search trees
- BST property (parent is bigger than left child, smaller than right)
- get and put implementation and analysis O(log N) time
- find min, delete min, delete any node
- inorder traversal
3.3 Balanced search trees
- 2-3 trees and red-black trees
3.4 Hash tables
- hash functions (eg modular hashing with Horner's rule)
- separate chaining
- linear probing
3.5 Applications
- Deduplication
- Dictionary lookup
- inverted index
- file index
- sparse matrix vector multipication
4. Graphs
4.1 Undirected graphs
- Adjacency list representation
- Depth first search
- Breadth first search
- single source shortest paths using bfs
- connected components usign dfs
- is G acyclic using dfs
- is G bipartite using dfs
- Kevin Bacon game (degrees of separation)
4.2 Directed graphs
- Multi-source reachability
- Application to mark-sweep garbage collection
- Cycle detection using dfs
- topological sort (reverse of post order)
- Kosaraju's algo for strongly connected components
- Transitive closure (all pairs reachability)
4.3 Min spanning trees of undirected weighted graphs
- Prim's algo
- Kruskal's algo
4.4 Shortest paths in weighted digraphs
- Dijkstra's algo
- Shortest paths in weighted (possibly -ve) DAGs
- Critical path method for scheduling
- Shortest paths in weighted cyclic digraphs (Bellman-Ford and -ve cycle detection )
- Application to arbitrage
5. Strings
5.1 String sorts
- key indexed counting (radix sort)
- least significant digit (LSD) sorting
- most significant digit (MSD) sorting for variable length strings
- 3-way string quicksort for repeated prefixes.
5.2 Tries
- R-way trie
- longestPrefixOf
- Ternary search tries (BST representation of R-way array)
5.3 Substring search
- brute force method
- KMP method
- Boyer-Moore method
- Rabin-Karp fingerprint
5.4 Regular expressions
- Syntax of regexp
- Check if string in language using non-deterministic finite automaton
5.5 Data compression
- Setup
- Run-length encoding
- Huffman compression
- LZW compression (using tries)
6. Context
6.1 Event driven simulation using PQs
6.2 B-trees
6.3 Suffix arrays.
- Find longest repeated substring.
- Indexing a string (keyword in context)
6.4 Ford-Fulkerson maxflow.
- Find shortest augmenting path.
- Maximum bipartite matching reduces to maxflow
- maxflow and shortest paths reduce to linear programming
6.5 NP completeness
71 of 75 people found the following review helpful.
My preferred algorithms text
By Peter Drake
I've recently switched to this from the Cormen et al. book for the algorithms class I teach at Lewis & Clark College (a small liberal arts college in Portland, OR). The main difference is that this book focuses on practice, where Cormen focuses more on mathematical theory. This book seems a better fit for my students and my style of teaching.
Pros:
* Reasonable scope for a semester. Teaching from this book for the first time, I covered four of the six large chapters, plus part of the fifth.
* Explanations, diagrams, and examples are clear and concise.
* The authors know their stuff and don't hesitate to explain it. For example, they know why a hash table index should be computed as
(key.hashCode() & 0x7fffffff) % M
(where M is the size of the table) instead of
Math.abs(key.hashCode()) % M
* The slides provided on the book website are outstanding.
* Examples in the book and on the slides come from a wide variety of applications. They demonstrate cases where using the efficient algorithm really matters.
* One of the authors responds quickly to questions and errata. (As with any textbook, be sure to check the website and write the corrections into your copy.)
Cons:
* The code does not always follow Java style conventions. For example, the authors will use non-private fields and one-letter, upper-case variable names. The many classes provided are all in the default package. It is not clear how much of this stems from deliberate decisions in the name of clarity and conciseness and how much from the authors not being "native" Java speakers.
* Some of the proofs are a bit laconic ("immediate from inspection of the code").
* The authors use an unusual ~ notation instead of the more widely-used Big-Theta/Big-O notation (although the latter is explained in passing). The ~ notation is more precise, as it does not omit the constant factor, but students may need additional practice with the standard notation.
86 of 93 people found the following review helpful.
Updated Review For Fourth Edition
By Let's Compare Options Preptorial
Other reviews on this fine text are for older editions with pseudo code. Sedgewick and Wayne have completely revised this new Fourth Edition with plentiful Java scripts for a vast range of applications. A brand new website at Princeton is dedicated to this book and has visualizations, much more code, exercises, answers, bib links, full implementations of many problems, and a complete online summary and synopsis of the book.
The authors suggest this is for a second course in CS, but many serious students, whether independent or in undergrad, will find it useful for self teaching as well. In fact, the new website has self teaching resources if you are "going it alone" in your initial study of algorithms.
Algos cannot really be separated from their underlying data structures, and a serious new addition to this printing and edition is a much better backgrounder on the most up to date data structures, using hyper modern examples like Amazon and Google.
This book covers the basics, and is not an encyclopedia or reference book. It has a lot of detailed descriptions and visuals, and takes the time to be sure the student "gets" the point. In a way, it is in competition with Sedgewick's own Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching (Pts. 1-4), which is now in its third edition, and more terse, advanced and encyclopedic. If you want a thorough understanding of the whole field, you probably need both if you're just starting out in the field.
If you're a beginning programmer, and want to get into the underlying logic of sorts, searches, graphs, strings and other fundamentals that drive modeling and the web, this is the place to start.
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